Reviewing Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks

Reviewing Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks The purpose of this annotated bibliography project is to research and review articles within the last 10 years regarding the corporate social responsibility of the Starbucks Corporation. All the articles I have chosen are relevant, recent, and address the following issues: Starbucks commitment to the environment, Starbucks commitment to the employees, Starbucks commitment to consumers, discussions of ethical and unethical business behavior, and Starbucks commitment and response to shareholders. After doing the necessary research, it is obvious that Starbucks and their CEO Howard Shultz are aware of the importance of corporate social responsibility. Every company has problems they can work on and improve in and so does Starbucks. As of recent, Starbucks has done a great job showing their employees how important they are to the company. Along with committing to every employee, they have gone to great lengths to improve the environment for everyone. Ethical and unethical behavior is always a hot topic for the media, and Starbucks has to be careful with the decisions they make and how they affect their public persona. Commitment to the Environment The first way Starbucks has shown corporate social responsibility is through their commitment to the environment. In order to improve the environment, with a little push from the NGO, Starbucks first main goal was to provide more Fair Trade Coffee. What this means is that Starbucks will aim to only buy 100 percent responsibly grown and traded coffee. Not only does responsibly grown coffee help the environment, it benefits the farmers as well. Responsibly grown coffee means preserving energy and water at the farms. In turn, this costs more for the company overall, but the environmental improvements are worth it. Starbucks and the environment benefits from this decision because it helps continue to portray a clean image. Another way to improve the environment directly through their stores is by going green. Their first attempt to produce a green store was in Manhattan. Starbucks made that decision to renovate a 15 year old store. This renovation included replacing old equipment with more energy efficient ones. To educate the community, they placed plaques throughout the store explaining their new green elements and how they work. This new Manhattan store now conserves energy, water, materials, and uses recycled/recyclable products. Twelve stores total plan to be renovated and Starbucks has promised to make each new store LEED, meaning a Leader in Energy and Environmental Design. LEED improves performance regarding energy savings, water efficiency, and emission reduction. Many people dont look into environmentally friendly appliances because the upfront cost is always more. According to Starbucks, going green over time outweighs the upfront cost by a long shot. Hopefully, these new design elements wil l help the environment and get Starbucks ahead of their market. Commitment to Consumers The second way Starbucks has shown corporate social responsibility is through their commitment to consumers. The best way to get the customers what they want is to understand their demographic groups. By doing research on Starbucks consumer demographics, they realized that people with disabilities are very important. The company is trying to turn stores into a more adequate environment for customers with disabilities. A few changes include: lowering counter height to improve easy of ordering for people in wheelchairs, adding at least one handicap accessible entrance, adding disability etiquette to employee handbooks, training employees to educate them on disabilities, and by joining the National Business Disability Council. By joining the National Business Disability Council, Starbucks gains access to resumes of people with disabilities. Another way Starbucks has shown commitment to the consumers is by cutting costs and retaining loyal customers. For frequent, loyal customers, Starbucks decided to provide a loyalty card. Once a customer has obtained this card, they are given incentives and promotions for continuing to frequent their stores. Promotions include discounted drinks and free flavor shots to repeat visitors. Also, with the economy being at an all time low, Starbucks realized that cheaper prices were a necessity. By simplifying their business practices, they were able to provide lower prices for their customers. For example, they use only one recipe for banana bread, rather than eleven! It doesnt end there either! Starbucks recognized that health is part of social responsibility. To promote healthier living, they introduced skinny versions of most drinks, while keeping the delicious flavor. For example, the skinny vanilla latte has 90 calories compared to the original with 190 calories. Since Starbucks doesnt just sell beverages now, they introduced low calorie snacks. Along with the snacks and beverages, nutrition facts were available for each item. Also one big way to cut costs was outsourcing payroll and Human Resources administration. By creating a global platform for their administration system, Starbucks is able to provide more employees with benefits. Plus, they are able to spend more money on pleasing customers, rather than on a benefits system. Commitment and Response to Shareholders One way Starbucks has demonstrated their commitment and response to shareholder needs is by giving them large portions. By large portions, Starbucks is implying that they plan pay dividends equal to 35% or higher of net income to. For the shareholders, paying high dividends means certainty about the companys financial well-being. Along with that, they plan to purchase 15 million more shares of stock, and hopefully this will attract investors who focus on stocks with good results. Starbucks made their commitment to shareholders obvious by speaking directly to the media about it. In 2004, Starbucks won a great tax break, but unfortunately the media saw them as money grubbing. Their CEO, Howard Shultz, made the decision to get into politics and speak to Washington about expanding health care and the importance of this to the company. Not only does he want his shareholders to see his commitment, but he wants all of America to be able to reap this benefits. In order to compete with McDonalds and keeping payout to their shareholders high, Starbucks needed a serious turnaround. They did decide to halt growth in North America but not in Japan. Shultz found that drinking coffee is becoming extremely popular for the Japanese. To show shareholders there is a silver lining, he announced they plan to open thousands of stores in Japan and Vietnamese markets. Commitment to Employees The first and biggest way Starbucks shows their commitment to employees is by just taking care of their workers. For example, they know how important health care, stock options, and compensation are to people in this economy. The Starbucks policy states that as long as you work 20 hours a week you get benefits and stock options. These benefits include health insurance and contributions to employees 401k plan. Starbucks doesnt exclude part time workers, because they feel they are just as valuable as full time workers. Since Starbucks doesnt have typical business hours like an office job, the part time workers help working the odd shifts. Another way Starbucks shows their commitment to employees is by treating them like individuals, not just number 500 out of 26,000 employees. Howard Shultz, CEO, always tries to keep humanity and compassion in mind. When he first started at Starbucks, he remembered how much he liked it that people cared about him, so he decided to continue this consideration for employees. Shultz feels that a first impression is very important. On an employees first day, he lets each new employee know how happy he is to have them as part of their business, whether it is in person or through a video. His theory is that making a good first impression on a new hire is similar to teaching a child good values. Through their growth, he feels each employee will keep in mind that the company does care about them. Shultz wants people to know what he and the company stand for, and what they are trying to accomplish. Ethical/Unethical Business Behavior The last way Starbucks demonstrates corporate social responsibility is through ethical behavior and the occasional unethical behavior. The first ethically positive thing Starbucks involves them self in is the NGO and Fair Trade coffee. Even though purchasing mostly Fair Trade coffee seriously affected their profits, Starbucks knew it was the right thing to do. They also knew that if they did it the right way, everyone would benefit, from farmers, to the environment, to their public image. In the fall of 2010, Starbucks chose to team up with Jumpstart, a program that gives children a head start on their education. By donating to literacy organizations and volunteering with Jumpstart, Starbucks has made an impact on the children in America, in a very positive way. Of course there are negatives that come along with the positives. Starbucks isnt the perfect company like it may seem. In 2008, Starbucks made the decision to close 616 stores because they were not performing very well. In order for Starbucks to close this many stores in one year, they had to battle many landlords due to the chain breaking lease agreements. Starbucks tried pushing for rent cuts but some stores did have to break their agreements. On top of breaching lease agreements, Starbucks was not able to grow as much as planned, resulting their future landlords were hurting as well. To fix these problems, tenants typically will offer a buyout or find a replacement tenant, but landlords are in no way forced to go with any of these options. These efforts became extremely time consuming and costly, causing Starbucks to give up on many lease agreements. As for Starbucks ethical behavior is a different story when forced into the media light. In 2008, a big media uproar arose due to them wanting to rerelease their old logo for their 35th anniversary. The old coffee cup logo was basically a topless mermaid, which in Starbucks opinion is just a mythological creature, not a sex symbol. Media critics fought that someone needed to protect the creatures modesty. Starbucks found this outrageous. In order to end the drama and please the critics, they chose to make the image more modest by lengthening her hair to cover her body and soften her facial expression. Rather than ignoring the media concerns, Starbucks met in the middle to celebrate their 35th anniversary. Subject Area 1: Commitment to the Environment Non-government organizations are concerned with the concept of Fair Trade. NGO hoped Starbucks would buy into Fair Trade Coffee. This posed problems for Starbucks. Knowing that NGO has quite a bit of media pull, they knew they had to do something to please the NGO. In order to keep their clean image, Starbucks had to compromise with the NGO and introduce Fair Trade Coffee for a period of time. Since it wasnt going to be forever, this benefited Starbucks and helped out the farmers. Starbucks has made several goals to improve the community and the environment. They have attempted to double the purchases of Fair Trade and conserve water in the last 2 years. While they are still continuing these goals, Starbucks is hoping to reach a long-term goal of only buying 100 percent responsibly grown and traded coffee. Also in 2009, the progressed towards more energy efficient farming to reduce energy use by 25 percent. By 2015, all of their paper products will be reusable or recyclable. Collaboration with the NGO and recyclers will make this possible. To help draw in new customers and to please the already loyal ones, Starbucks completely renovated their 15 year old store in Manhattan. A more intimate, modern feel was created to draw in on their rich heritage. This Manhattan store is just one of the twelve stores worldwide that are going green. Each of the twelve stores conserves energy, water, materials, and recycles. To show customers and employees how it works, they have places plaques that explain green elements throughout the store. Starbucks has done this in hopes that people will see what they have done for the environment and follow their lead. Many people think going green is expensive, but Starbucks claims over time the enormous savings outweigh the upfront costs. Starbucks has realized its unique market position. They recently pledged that each new store built will be Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and are expanding into ready brew coffee, which is essentially instant. LEED uses recycled and reused materials to build and create each store. They hope to get ahead of the market with their innovative products and environmentally friendly designed stores. To continue to grow and become even more successful, commitment to consumers and the environment has shown to be important to the Starbucks Corporation. Subject Area 2: Commitment to Consumers Starbucks has been struggling to keep their romance and theatre imagine, yet compete with the worlds largest fast-food chain McDonalds. In the last 2 years, Starbucks has had trouble keeping their share-price up. Many analysts feel this is due to too much expansion in America and all-time high prices. Resulting from this, customers are choosing quicker coffee stops such as McDonalds and Dunkin Donuts. Just when Starbucks thought it couldnt get worse, McDonalds introduced Starbucks-style coffee bars to many restaurants. Starbucks has had to water down their image in order to compete with this type of market. To loyal customers, this appeared as if Starbucks was losing their passion for coffee. Starbucks has grown between 1995 and 2005 faster than any McDonalds growth period in history. Unfortunately, with the downturn in the economy, Starbucks has been facing many challenges. Sales have been at a low and they will have to make some improvements to get back to where they were 5 years ago. Starbucks plans to increase marketing and sell packaged coffee at a more competitive price. Even with the tough competition from McDonalds and other fast-food businesses, Starbucks is said to return good as new in a few years. In 2008, Starbucks decided to place an emphasis on cutting costs and retaining a customer base. In order to retain customers, Starbucks chose to implement a loyalty card that provided customers with promotions that lead to cheaper drinks and keeps customers from frequenting other coffee sellers. To cut costs, they did decide to close several stores. Simplifying the business also helped cut costs. For example, Starbucks is now using one recipe for their banana bread, rather than eleven. Fortunately, they have realized that McDonalds isnt cutting into their sales as much as predicted, which is a good sign for the company. Starbucks is aiming to understand demographic groups better. They have realized that people with disabilities have become an important group. Starbucks is attempting to enhance ethical leadership throughout the company by making Michelle Penman, a 36 year old woman with cerebral palsy, a literal model employee. The company is trying to make stores more adequate for customers and employees with disabilities. Counter height has been lowered at many stores for an easy reach by customers and workers in wheelchairs. Each store has also added at least one handicap accessible entrance. Shortly after, disability etiquette had been added into employee training. This training mostly consists of day-to-day matters people with disabilities deal with. In addition, when recruiting new workers, Starbucks as joined the National Business Disability Council to access resumes of people with disabilities. Since by law employees are not required to record disability information on an application, it is h ard to measure the progress. Starbucks wants the best talent, no matter who it is. Part of social responsibility is keeping people healthy. Healthy food and drink, plus dieting are at an all time high. Starbucks chose to introduce skinny versions of their most popular drink choices. For example, the skinny vanilla latte has only 90 calories compared to the regular version with 190 calories. Along with the skinny beverages, they introduced low calorie Panini sandwiches and snacks for their health conscious customers. In order to education consumers, they also distributed brochures with all the nutrition facts for their products. A recent study found that Starbucks customers would prefer lower prices over new menu items. 65% of customers said if prices were lower, they would return to frequenting Starbucks stores. Along with lower prices, customers would like to see more reward programs, so Starbucks launched a program that offered free flavor shots to repeat visitors. Fortunately for Starbucks, even though McDonalds offers lower prices the quality of coffee doesnt compare to Starbucks. The survey revealed that Starbucks customers arent going to McDonalds instead, meaning they do have loyal customers. For Starbucks, Corporate Social Responsibility serves two roles. They first make sure that social responsibility awareness is at the top of their list when decision making. The second role was to make sure they carry out what they said they were going to do. An annual report follows up with results and progress. Starbucks runs their system as an important supporting action. Subject Area 3: Commitment and Response to Shareholders In 2004, the Starbucks Corporation won a tax break. Unfortunately, the media saw this as a money-grubbing move. Starbucks then decided to hire a lobbying firm. The CEO chose to speak to Washington about expanding health insurance coverage to more workers. He explained his commitment to shareholders and value of employees and how important providing decent health care is to the company. He described how he hoped that this commitment should extend to all of America. Starbucks realized that customers and shareholders like big portions, whether it is of coffee or dividends. This giant serving went to the shareholders. The corporation announced its planning to pay dividends equal to 35% or higher of net income. On top of that, Starbucks plans to purchase 15 million more shares. They plan to attract investors who focus on stocks with a good yield. According to Wall Street, Starbucks was forecasted to have shares at 70 cents each. By the end of 2009, they proved him wrong with shares at 75 cents each. Starbucks began benefitting from their advertisements, becoming the most popular brand on Facebook. With the serious competition fast food chains have imposed, this national marketing campaign had no room for failure. Starbucks is in need of a serious turnaround like McDonalds pulled off in the past. Unfortunately for Starbucks, it is going to be a bit more difficult because it is less in the control of the Starbucks Corporation; this is because they have expanded their customer base further than upper-income customers. Since they are closing 600 locations, Starbucks CEO hopes customers will migrate to other locations, not competitors. This will be tough to avoid since McDonalds and other fast food chains are beginning to offer similar products. Sanchanta, M.   (2010,  April  14). Starbucks plans big expansion in China Chief  executive says coffee giant has turned its fortunes around, is eager to crack  markets in India and Vietnam.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.10.   Starbucks CEO Howard Shultz announced that the corporation plans to expand into Japan. This large expansion would make Japan the country with the second most Starbucks stores, first being North America. According to Shultz, they plan to open thousands of stores in Japan and possibly more into Indian and Vietnamese markets. Drinking coffee has become popular for the Japanese making this an easier area to grown into. As for growth in China, Shultz claims a more tactical growth strategy. Over time, he sees China with thousands of stores as well. A good method may be to target the younger generation who are consumed by the internet. Subject Area 4: Commitment to Employees Starbucks aims to constantly be mindful of the publics view on them. In order to do this, Howard Schultz must keep a sense of humanity and compassion in mind. He knows how important health care, stock options, and compensation are for many employees. As long as employees work 20 hours a week, they are given benefits and stock options. Schultz does not ignore health care reform either; instead, he speaks publically about it. He explains to his customers and employees that he wishes to remain small even as it gets big, meaning that he will continue to treat his employees as individuals. Corporate Social Responsibility has always been near the top of his list. Shultz hopes to continue keeping Starbucks as the perfect place between the consumers home and work. Since the economy has been at an all time low in the last few years, companies have had to cut costs anywhere and everywhere possible. In 2008, Starbucks had to inform their employees that they have the right to decide whether they want to contribute to their 401k plan. With this extra cash, Starbucks feels they are able to provide more employees with benefits. Using the utilitarian method, they plan to provide greatest good for the greatest number of employees. Fortunately for Starbucks employees, this cut back was as a last resort to cut costs. Many companies cut benefits altogether. Starbucks aims to make a lasting first impression on an employees first day of work, in a good way of course. Howard Shultz remembers how important it was to him that people cared. He know show new hires how much he cares, by telling employees how happy he is to have them aboard, even if it is by video. Shultz doesnt discriminate based on full time or part time workers, even though part time workers are notorious for high turnover. The theory at Starbucks is making a good impression to a new worker is like teaching a child good values. They want people to know what they stand for and what they are trying to accomplish, and there is no better time than an employees first day. Starbucks plans to outsource payroll and Human Resources administration for US and Canadian employee benefits. In turn, this outsourcing deal will help create a global platform for their HR. Administrative HR systems are extremely costly and companies prefer to spend their money on customers not a benefits system. This type of outsourcing will not only save them money but it will help avoid future increasing costs. Fortunately for HR employees, the ones that stay behind will still have a job and can focus on the bigger picture. Subject Area 5: Ethical/Unethical Business Behavior Johnson Johnson, The Timberland Company, Michael Mayo, Maiden Mills, SC Johnson, and Starbucks all devote a significant amount of effort to ensure corporate social responsibility. In order for Starbucks to keep their turnover rate low, they have realized that awareness of social responsibility is a big help. They give part time and full time employees or partners benefits and stock options. Not only does Starbucks help out their employees, but they do volunteering as well. They provide grants for nonprofit organizations when employees volunteer. Literacy is very important to their CEO, so he donated to nonprofit literacy organizations across America. In addition, he teamed up with Jumpstart, which is a program that gives preschool children an educational head start. To please nongovernment organizations, Starbucks had to implement Fair Trade coffee. To give small famers an income sufficient enough to live off of, Starbucks chose to work off the standards they set for themselves and sell Fair Trade Coffee as much as possible. The NGO still wasnt satisfied because they wanted ALL coffee to be Fair Trade. Starbucks knew that this would seriously affect their profit. In this economy, it wasnt possible for them to do right away; this lead to confrontation between Starbucks and the NGO. In 2008, Starbucks announced that they planned to close 616 stores that werent performing up to par. Starbucks was then forced to battle many landlords due to the chain looking to break leases. Many tenants similar to Starbucks have found offering a buyout or finding replacement tenants as a settlement offering. Unfortunately, these efforts can become costly and time consuming, which Starbucks didnt have. Since they have to close so many current stores, Starbucks will also have to hold off on scheduled new store openings. Starbucks, like many other coffee shops, provides books and magazines to buy and read while you enjoy your favorite cup of coffee. The William Morris Agency (WMA) scouts books for Starbucks to put on their shelves. One of their most popular sellers is For One More Day by Mitch Albom. William Morris represents Starbucks and authors simultaneously and many agents feel this is a conflict of interest for the Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks admits asking for a special two-week exclusive but no special discounts and everything William Morris does for them has had approval from the coffee Starbucks 35th anniversary took place in 2008, and the corporation planned to use their old logo for the cups to celebrate. Unfortunately, the media went crazy over their topless mermaid, which is a mythological creature. Critics claim that they need to protect sirens modesty. The mermaid was not depicted nude, but it was obvious that she was topless with hair covering her breasts. To make the image more modest, they chose to lengthen her hair and soften her expression, which make it a more appropriate design. Instead of ignoring peoples concerns, Starbucks met in the middle for their 35th anniversary. References Corporate behavior and strategy.  (2005). Strategic Direction,  21(8),  26-29.   Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  877321751). Starbucks tracks its global responsibilities.  (2010,  May). Beverage Industry,  101(5),  14.  Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.  (Document ID:  2041497141). Wilson,  M.  (2010,  June). Starbucks redesign puts emphasis on sustainability.  Chain Store  Age,  86(5),  54-55.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.  (Document ID:  2078389131). Zegler,  J.  (2010,  June). New initiatives expand Starbucks reach.  Beverage  Industry,  101(6),  62.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.  (Document ID:  2060421021). Business: coffee wars; Starbucks v McDonalds.  (2008,  January). The  Economist,  386(8562),  58.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM  Global. (Document ID:  1412491651). Stars are aligned for Starbucks.  (2010,  June  13). Wall Street Journal (Online). Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  2057230511). Adamy, J.   (2008,  December  5). Corporate News: Starbucks Moves to Cut Costs, Retain Customers.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.3.   Retrieved September  29, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1607039211). Corkery, M. (2005 November 14). Leadership (a special report); a special effort:  Starbucks is reaching out to people with disabilities both as employees  and as customers. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern Edition), p.R.8. Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  925860671) Jargon, J.   (2010,  January  22). Restaurants begin to count calories Applebees,  Starbucks push healthier food items to boost customer foot traffic amid Federal  Health-Care debate.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.6.   Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1944833351). Jennings,  L..  (2008,  October). Study: Coffee fans want Starbucks to cut prices; rivals  lose fewer guests.  Nations Restaurant News,  42(41),  1,6,45.   Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1593459171). Liu,  S.  Ã‚  Liu,  L.  (2009). Implementing corporate external social responsibility strategies  through organizational design and operation.  Journal of International Business  Ethics,  2(1),  79-83,119.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM  Global. (Document ID:  2145930981). Cummings, J. (2005,  April  12). Legislative grind: cautiously, Starbucks puts lobbying on  corporate menu; as coffee retailer grows, it seeks place in capital; hesitating to  start a PAC; Mr. Schultz gets stood up.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),  p.  A.1.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document  ID:  820534051). Jannarone, J.   (2010,  March  25). Starbucks announces a venti payout.  Wall Street  Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  C.14.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from  ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1992661101). Jargon, J.   (2009,  July  22). Earnings: Starbucks swings to profit, aided by cost  cuts.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.5.   Retrieved September 30,  2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1799345261). Lockyer, S. E.  (2008,  August). Analysts: Starbucks needs more than McD-like  turnaround tack.  Nations Restaurant News,  42(31),  4,9-10.   Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1549390161). Sanchanta, M.   (2010,  April  14). Starbucks plans big expansion in China Chief  executive says coffee giant has turned its fortunes around, is eager to crack  markets in India and Vietnam.  Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.10.  Retrieved September 29, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document  ID:  2008219851). Business: staying pure; face value.  (2006,  February). The Economist,  378(8466),  78.  Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document  ID:  994268361). Adamy, J. (2008,  December  24). Starbucks could cut 401(k) match. Wall Street  Journal (Eastern Edition),   p.  B.3.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from  ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1617224091). Gruner, S.   (1998,  July). Lasting impressions. inc,  20(10),  126.   Retrieved November 19,  2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  30855312). Young,  L.  (2007,  September). Starbucks perks up to outsourcing.  Canadian HR  Reporter,  20(16),  2,6.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM  Global. (Document ID:  1366363971). Ethics in action: getting it right.  (2002,  October). Selections,  2(2),  24-27.   Retrieved  September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  245687241). Argenti, P. A.   (2004). Collaborating with activists: how Starbucks works with NGOS.  California Management Review,  47(1),  91-116.   Retrieved September 30, 2010,  from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  749651491). Jennings,  L..  (2008,  October). Mass closures, lawsuits vs. Starbucks, spotlight lease  severance issue.  Nations Restaurant News,  42(42),  8,43.   Retrieved September  30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1597295611). Nawotka, E.   (2006,  October). Starbucks selection process raises eyebrows.  Publishers  Weekly,  253(43),  17.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.  (Document ID:  1157134041). York,  E. B.  (2008,  May). Behind Starbucks cup cleanup.  Advertising Age,  79(21),  4,33.   Retrieved September 30, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document  ID:  1487100351).

Early government Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early American government there were two emerging political views that were blatantly obvious in the new states; federalists and anti-federalists. In this paper two main topics of interest for each of the parties will be discussed, the role that government should have according to the differing views and the subject of foreign policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The role of government as a according to the Federalists They support a stronger federal government. They felt that people can't govern themselves and that a nation must have a way to get rid of debts. Federalists also believed that only a strong central government can ensure states participation in general good. Therefore representation is distributed more equally a single executive can govern better than multiple executives. They felt federal government provides common defense, raises revenue in time of war, and deals with other nations more effectively than a confederation. Federalists were respectable and embraced the cultured and propertied groups. They lived in settled areas along the seaboard, not in the raw backcountry. They were in outlook rather closely akin to the conservative Loyalist group of Revolutionary days. But by remaining Loyalists it assisted them in the ratification. Federalists strongly supported the Constitution. Anti-federalists were alarmed by the absence of a bill of rights. Federalists assured them it would be added by amendment. Federalists believed that the three branches of government-legislative, judicial and executive- effectively represent the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anti-federalists, on the other hand, opposed the stronger federal government. The felt states had rights, which the central government threatened to trample. In their eyes the constitution is a tyrannical document without a Bill of Rights. The constitution granted too much power over taxation to the Federal government. The anti-federalists has strong opinions when it came to the branches on the federal government. Congress should not have the power to meddle in the commerce of the states. The federal legislature is designed as an aristocratic institution, determined to steal the political prerogative of the people. The Anti-federalists consisted primarily, though not only, of the states' rights devotees, the back-country dwellers, the one-horse farmers,... ...main backers of the party were wealthy and well-known, and thus would be able to weather conflicts with foreign countries. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federalist Party position’s impact on nation A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington and Adams were first two Presidents & also Federalists (although Washington to somewhat lesser extent); thus their actions were those of the Federalist Party and also the first major actions of the nation in foreign affairs. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Democratic-Republican position A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wanted to settle with French and British, due to America’s lack of a strong military. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall justification: America wasn’t a world power, and thus it was a poor idea to provoke Britain and France. Also, war would have an extremely negative effect on the farmers and merchants which made up the party. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Democratic-Republican position’s impact on nation Constituencies of party were employed in the tasks of most of the nation (farming, mercantilism, etc.) Thus, the interests of the majority of the citizens seemed to be with the Democratic-Republicans.

Greek Culture vs Roman Culture

Greek Culture VS. Roman Culture Gabraille Driscol American InterContinental University HUMA215-1204D Ms. Cheryl Lemus Abstract Many people are unaware of just how alike the Romans and the Greeks are. They have many of the same cultures because they adapted them from each other. From modern art to the gods and goddesses. Everything that the Greek have the Romans also has. Yes there are a few changes that have been extracted throughout the two but they are similar to each other in many ways. Roman gods are known as the same thing that Greek gods are. But they have different names for them.The Roman culture is very un strict and focus of the greater good of the gods and mankind. These are just some of the few things that are focused with the Greeks and the Romans. The Greece culture was one just like what the â€Å"New World† went through. Their period was made up of Polis better known as city states. Their society was broken up between free people and slaves. The free people kep t the slaves. The slaves worked without pay many time and did hard labor such as the slaves of the 20th century. Many slaves lived with their master, but were over work and almost never paid.As their society evolved so did the people. They changed from free people to free men. They were divided between Citizens and Metics. If you were a citizen than both of your parents were from the Greece decent. Metics were foreign people that came over to Athens from other places to learn a craft. Many of them were forced to serve in the military. Metics also had to pay taxes and would never be considered a citizen. Women had no rights in the Greece culture any foreign affairs they were involved in was because of their husbands or a man they were involved with.When it came to their government many citizens were thought to serve on the government after taking part in the military. The Greek agriculture system was called orders, they had three orders. They were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Parthe non is an order of Doric the temple of Athena Parthenos (â€Å"Virgin†), Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.Ironic order is The Temple of Apollo at Didyma – The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19. 5 m (64 ft. ) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. The territory of Greece is mountainous, and as a result, ancient Greece consisted of many smaller regions each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity.Regionalism and regional conflicts was a prominent feature of ancient Greece. Cities tended to be located in valleys between mountains, or on coastal plains, and dominated a certain area around them. The Roman culture was very much like the Greek culture because much of it was adopted from the Greek. Much of the roman culture is still in our world today. They built bridges and sewers which we still use today. They help to develop wells and other sources to get water. The roman ideas were much of the ideas that are still used in today economy.They created the death games and gladiators which we still use today. Much of our culture was adapted from the Romans. They came up with many things that the U. S. has to thank them for. Roman theater came from the Greek as well but more developed. They came up with many adlibs and improv that Shakespeare used and many new sitcoms use today. The roman a d Greek gods and goddesses share many of the same attributes but have different names. The roman government was run by priests who we re mentors between both men and gods.They maintained the good will and support for Rome. Lastly the roman philosophers were the Greek philosophers. References N. S. Gill, Roman Culture: An introduction to the culture of Rome, especially the Roman Republic. (2012). Retrieved on November 2012, Retrieved from http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/culture/tp/061511-Roman-Culture. htm Ancient Greece, (2012) Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Culture/ Ancient Greece, 21 October 2012 Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_Greece

Transferring the Successful Business Model of Short-Haul...

Transferring the successful business model of short-haul low-cost airlines to the long-haul market – why does it not work? Universidad del Pacifico Globalization, Multinational Corporations Foreign Direct Investment Research Paper 3.12.2012 1 1. Introduction In terms of financial achievements the airline industry has not performed well over the past decades. It has even been stated as ‘an example of how not to run business in the 21st Century, when looking at hard numerical facts’ (Button Ison , 2008). However, there have been exceptionally flourishing cases, especially in the low -cost short-haul airline industry. Companies such as Ryanair in Europe or Southwest Airlines in the USA have gained considerable†¦show more content†¦This is vital for their survival as the capital n eeded for aircraft purchases is a heavy burden for the balance-sheet of all airlines. Conventional full-service airlines on the other hand generally have a more complex offer including short- and long-haul flights which require several types of aircrafts incurring considerable costs. 2.3 Human Resources Another factor used by short-haul LCCs to increase efficiency and lower costs is their use of human resources. Not only do LCCs tend to hire younger cheaper staff but also, according to 3 Flouris Walker (2005), a pilot of an average low-cost carrier flies approximately 25.1% more hours and has 12.5% more work days than a pilot at an average full -service airline. In addition they state that LCC pilots have a salary base of 60% and receive the remaining 40% based on performance. These figures highlight the LCCs’ efficient use of available resources in comparison to full-service airlines. Furthermore, in terms of flight attendants, these are generally ‘home-based’, flying only peripheral routes to their home in order to facilitate scheduling and cut costs such as overnight hotel stays for personnel (Morrell, 2008). Cleaning personnel is also kept to a minimum since the clean-up in between flights is done by flight attendants and a full clean up is not done every day. This is very much facilitated by the fact of notShow MoreRelatedLow Cost Strategies a Failed Business Model?9157 Words   |  37 Pages   LOW COST AIRLINES: A FAILED BUSINESS MODEL? Kenneth Button University Professor Director of the Center for Transportation, Policy, Operations, and Logistics, and Director of the Aerospace Policy Research Center School of Public Policy George Mason University (MS 3C6) Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. E-mail: kbutton@gmu.edu â€Å"You fucking academic eggheads! You don t know shit. You can t deregulate this industry. You re going to wreck it. You don t know a goddamn thing!† Robert L. Crandall, CEO AmericanRead MoreRyanair Analyses44239 Words   |  177 PagesMaster’s thesis M.Sc. in EU Business Law An analysis of the European low fare airline industry - with focus on Ryanair Student: Thomas C. Sà ¸rensen Student number: 256487 Academic advisor: Philipp Schrà ¶der Aarhus School of Business September 13, 2005 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Preface 1.2. Research problem 1.3. Problem formulation 1.4. Delimitation 6 6 7 7 2. Science and methodology approach 2.1. Approaches to science 2.1.1. Ontology 2.1.1.1. Objectivism 2.1.1.2. ConstructivismRead MoreSouthwest Airlines6851 Words   |  28 PagesSituation Following the Deregulation in 1978, a competitive price war ensued among the airline industry as a direct result of the new freedom for airlines to set their own fares as well as route entry and exits. This gave rise to the operating structure of the airlines as it exists today, consisting of the point-to-point system and the hub and spoke system. With this came the change of focus for major airlines to non-stop, cross-country routes in densely populated cities, which, in a regulated environmentRead MoreEssay about Southwest Airlines6555 Words   |  27 PagesSituation Following the Deregulation in 1978, a competitive price war ensued among the airline industry as a direct result of the new freedom for airlines to set their own fares as well as route entry and exits. This gave rise to the operating structure of the airlines as it exists today, consisting of the point-to-point system and the hub and spoke system. With this came the change of focus for major airlines to non-stop, cross-country routes in densely populated cities, which, in a regulated environmentRead MoreStrategic Management in a Global Context8532 Words   |  35 PagesGlobal Context Instructor: Mark Louis Ulrich Team Project By: Amer Nasser Hanh Nguyen Lars Boelke Wila Yu Airline Industry History: The first ever scheduled airline was launched in St. Petersburg, Florida, a city not generally considered that can boast of an aviation. But on January 1, 1914, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line was born there--the world s first scheduled airline using winged aircraft. A plaque on the entrance to St. Petersburg International Airport proclaims: The BirthplaceRead MoreWhat Is Logistics23868 Words   |  96 PagesWhat is logistics? Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. [pic] Logistics  - (business definition) Logistics is defined as a business planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in today s business environment. --  (Logistix Partners Oy, Helsinki, FI, 1996) Logistics  - (military definition) The science of planning andRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 PagesContents Introduction 3 1 Madonna 21 2 Laura Ashley Holdings plc: The Battle for Survival 26 3 The US Airline Industry in 2002 33 4 DaimlerChrysler and the World Automobile Industry 41 5 Wal-Mart Stores Inc., May 2002 49 6 Eastman Kodak: Meeting the Digital Challenge 62 7 Organizational Restructuring within the Royal Dutch/Shell Group 70 8 Harley-Davidson, Inc., January 2001 77 9 Online Broking Strategies: Merrill Lynch, Charles Schwab and E*Trade 83 10 11 12 Emi and the CT ScannerRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesus on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rightsRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pageseffective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless Mac: McDonald’s expansion strategies in India: C-120 Read MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 PagesGirro@qq.com PREFACE Introduction to Materials Management is an introductory text written for students in community colleges and universities. It is used in technical programs, such as industrial engineering and manufacturing engineering; in business programs; and by those already in industry, whether or not they are working in materials management. This text has been widely adopted by colleges and universities not only in North America but also in other parts of the world. APICS—The Association

Serial Killers, Are They Born or Made - 3551 Words

Research paper Serial Killers: Are They Born or Made? There are many theories as to why people become serial killers. Almost all of these concepts are associated with the Nature vs. Nurture theory. Are serial killers born with the need to kill, or is it something that they learn to long for as they grew up? Many believe that the nurture theory is the likely concept to believe; that serial killers are created from bad childhood experiences including being abused by their parents, or molested at an early age. Psychologist and sociologist have interviewed serial killers and picked apart their minds, to find out what it is that makes them feel the need to perform these heinous crimes. It is the nature theory that they are looking for when†¦show more content†¦When he realized that he was a homosexual, the thoughts of naked men, with dead things would arouse him even more. It would not be until the age of eighteen, when Dahmer would lure his first victim, and then take his life. He picked up a hitchhiker, they drank alcohol, had se x, and then when Dahmer did not want the man to leave, he would hit him over the head with a dumbbell. In an interview he once had with a FBI profiler, he stated â€Å"the guy wanted to leave, and I did not want him to.† He now had a dead human being lying on his floor, for him to have his way with. He would masturbate on to the body; he cut him up, put him into trash bags, and dumped the bags into a ravine. His parents would soon be settling for a divorce, which did not go over well with Dahmer, especially with his abandonment issues. He started drinking, which would cause him to steal to get money to buy more alcohol, which led him to drop out of college, and down a path of self-destruction. With no other choices, he joined the army where he became a cook, which is where he picked up his butchery skills. The alcohol once again got the best of him, and he was discharged from the army. A few years later his urge to kill had grown stronger and could not resist it any longer. H e started luring men to him apartment, where he would drug and disremember them. He would start to experiment with trying toShow MoreRelatedAre Serial Killers Born Or Made?1885 Words   |  8 PagesAre Serial Killers Born or Made? Are serial killers determined by nature or nurture – are they born? Or are they made? It is hypothesized that serial killers are made by the environment that they grow up in but that they all have a predisposition to sociopathic tendencies. This research paper aims to provide support for previous studies about the extent to which nature and nurture influence and determine the likelihood of a person becoming a serial killer. The term serial killer, as defined by RobertRead MoreSerial Killers: Are They Born Or Made?. There Are Multiple1230 Words   |  5 PagesSerial Killers: Are They Born or Made? There are multiple theories as to why or how a person can become a serial killer. A serial killer can be a person who murders at least three or more people over a long period of time (Ramsland). Are serial killers born with the need to kill or is it a result of a horrific childhood? These two concepts are associated with the nature vs. nurture theory. â€Å"People on the side of nurture are of the opinion that our environment determines who a person is and becomes†Read MoreEssay Are Serial Killers Born or Made?1560 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence that was gathered from books such as â€Å"Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers† and â€Å"Inside the Minds of Serial Killers,† both written by Kathertine Ramsland, provide information and evidence that killers are in fact made, not born. Some of the reasons that people believe that killers are made and not born are due to research by many psychiatrists on serial killers and mass murderers who are on death roe that have com mitted some of the most heinous crimes. One argument is that there is a set ofRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pages like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate. What is a serial killer? Eric Hickey (2012) in â€Å"Serial Killers: Defining Serial Murder† defines what a serial killer is exactlyRead MoreA Serial Killers Characteristics Begin at Childhood800 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Characteristic of Serial killers The basic definition of Serial Killers are that it is a group of people who’s work is just to kill, kill and kill innocent people over a longer period of time without being wedged or bunged. They are not like mass murderers, who may kill many people at one time - majority of the time because of circumstantial behavior. Serial Killers are completely a different from traditional or mass murderers they always make a proper plan and they are very specificRead MoreSerial Killer And Serial Killers Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has some of the most infamous serial killers who marked history, serial killers who once didn’t even think to harm any human being. Many people grow up differently from others, some people grow up in a safe environment surrounded with caring people and others grow up in a completely different environment being missed treated by others, therefore are serial killers made or born? A serial killer is defined as â€Å"a person who commits more than three murders over a period that spans more thanRead MoreWhat Makes A Person A Serial Killer? Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat makes a person a Serial Killer?How are serial killers caused? Serial Killers are people who kill at least 3 people in separate events with a very little cooling off period between each kill. The kills are performed in a unique fashion and the the serial killer has something that they are known for called a signature.Serial Killers are frightening psychopaths because they don t show human emotions-empathy, conscience, or remorse.What makes a serial killer different then regular peopleRead More Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Studies show that traits of a serial killer can be seen in a person at a very young age. Most warning signs go unnoticed which is why the growth of the killer continues. A thing such as animal cruelty is one of man y clues inside the growth of a serial killers mind â€Å"They often start out their careers by maiming, harming, and torturing small animals.† â€Å"In extreme cases, they have been known to spend hours inflicting a slow death on animals...this is a form of control that allows them the power toRead MoreSilence of the Lambs and Mr. Brooks Essay718 Words   |  3 Pages1 Juan Luna Park University Serial Killers as Heroes in Popular Culture LE 300J Ms. Silvia Kofler November 2, 2012 Unit 2: Week 2 - Reader Response - Assignment 1 A serial killer could be dining, sitting, or even living next to you at this very moment. Most killers offer little to no obvious clues that will lead anyone to detect their often secretive, undercover actions. I ask myself, â€Å"How can we be so naive to these types of people?† Serial killers amongst us are often well educatedRead MoreThe Minds Of Serial Killers1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdark mind of Jeffrey Dahmer, he murdered not in hatred, vengeance, or financial enrichment but on pure impulse and lust. Forensic psychoanalysts have picked apart the minds of serial killers to find answers as to what causes them to carry out such perverse acts. Many believe it is impervious for an innocent adolescent to be born with the capability to commit a heinous act suchlike murder. But how could we depraved humanity so much as to turn an innocent child into a homicidal lunatic? This theory has

Questions On Ethics And Employee Fear - 2017 Words

Ethics and Employee Fear/Uncertainty Karen Moultrie B7401 BLI Organizational Behavior Argosy University April 15, 2016 Introduction Issues of ethics and employee fear can be studied using organizational behavior theories. Organizational behavior refers to the study of the effect groups, individuals and structures have on human behavior within organizations. Micro and macro organizational behavior theory are the two primary behavior theories. Behavioral theories are used in the field of management mainly because it encompasses concepts like decision making, leadership, team building, job satisfaction and motivation. Organizational behavior theories also deal with culture. Understanding various work cultures can help to improve the performance of the company. The focus of this paper is not military suicide. Instead, this paper will discuss the low performance of government agencies. An evaluation was conducted based on the organizational behavior theories. Various factors and concepts were considered. The main factors considered in this study are diversity, ethics, offshoring and outsourcing. These fac tors are discussed below explaining how they affect the employees’ teamwork and fear. Diversity Employee fear at government agencies are affected by various types of diversity. Diversity represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people (McGraw-Hill). Diversity is about our relatedness, our connectedness,Show MoreRelatedEst1 Task21159 Words   |  5 PagesWGU EST1 Task 2 Company X Ethics Program Standards and Procedures: Company X expects all employees to conduct themselves with integrity, professional and responsible actions at all times. An employee’s actions in both personal life and professional life should avoid any situations that (A) could be construed as harmful to the company or its employees or (B) cause negative public reactions that could impact Company X customers or customer relations in adverse ways. You are a Company X representativeRead MoreMartin Marietta Case Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Marietta: Managing Corporate Ethics (A) In an industry  overwhelmed with fraud and corruption, Martin  Marietta was ready to revamp their reputation to become an ethical company. This concept  catapulted a decade of creating, developing, and tweaking an ethics program. Martin Mariettas goal was to maintain a work place with descent people doing quality work (page 1). But with this idea came a series of difficult  challenges the company needed to overcome. Martin Marietta  arose to the  challengeRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Follower?1153 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciple applies in the business world, and a good follower will also be a valued employee. J. Whitlock, (2013) states that, â€Å"good followership is increasingly being recognized as an important component for high performance.† (p. 20). There are many different characteristics that an employer will look for in an applicant, but this essay will only delve into five of them. The most important ones, I feel are, a good work ethic, honesty, compe tence, good judgement, and courage. 5 Characteristics of a GoodRead MoreEssay on Est1 Code of Ethics Company G1303 Words   |  6 PagesGiven Company| Ethics Program| | Patti BowenWestern Governors University| | Given Company Ethics Program A. INTRODUCTION Our Code of Ethics Program is designed to uphold the interests of every stakeholder of Given Company. Our mission is to uphold a high level of integrity by maintaining high company standards, values and principles to ensure the company meets its mission of being a good corporate citizen who is socially responsible. Our program provides effective guidance for dailyRead MoreEST1 Task 2 Ethics1694 Words   |  7 Pagescorporations and those who act on behalf of organizations, we have determined that it would be essential to have our ethics program developed before we start offering our services. A business as a moral agent must prove that it has an effective ethics program to protect employees, the corporation, and businesses that the company will serve. It is also important to have an ethics program to support the ethical values of our corporation and to make it clear to employees what is acceptable behaviorRead More Sales Ethics Essay example1344 Words   |  6 PagesSales Ethic s What are they and how can they be better Followed? To fully understand the nature of the question posed one must know the meaning of ethics. Webster’s dictionary defines ethics as the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it; moral philosophy, the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, etc. Basically, I believe ethics is how one makes a decision according to the social norm that surrounds him. The socialRead MoreWhat Lessons Should A Manager Take From Stanley Milgram s Theory Of Obedience Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWhat lessons should a manager take from Stanley Milgram s studies of obedience? How does obedience impact on organisational ethics, and what steps can a manager take to take to reduce this problem? Introduction Organisations struggle to achieve their goals without at least some level of obedience from the people in the organisation. If everyone disobeyed their superiors in organisations then very little would be achieved. However, can too high a level of obedience be a bad thing for an organisationRead MoreGroup Principles And Standards Of Conduct1583 Words   |  7 PagesEach one of Bulsho Group’s employees must conduct themselves in a manner consistent we those standards. Bulsho Group also expects its valued employs to create each other for hospitable and reliability work place environment: We expect every employee to show up on time for work, dress appropriately, perform your work appropriately, and always practice your tasks safe. Your team members expect you to show up on time for work. They also expect you to be respectful and show positive attitude toRead MoreThe Foundation For Morals And Ethics991 Words   |  4 PagesThe foundation for morals and ethics are guides to human behavior stemming from our intrinsic disposition as social creatures. Morals are defined as â€Å"social elements that tend to have greater social value accordance with standards of right and wrong† and ethics as the â€Å"study of problems which seeks to discover how one ought to act† (PhilosophyLander Edu). As social creatures the fear of rejection or being judged as an outcast is frightening. This drives us to become conformist avoiding the feelingRead MoreThe Foundation Of Morals And Ethics992 Words   |  4 PagesThe foundation of morals and ethics are guides to human behav ior stemming from our intrinsic disposition as social creatures. Morals are defined as â€Å"social elements that tend to have greater social value in accordance with standards of right and wrong† and ethics as the â€Å"study of problems which seeks to discover how one ought to act† (PhilosophyLander Edu). As social creatures the fear of rejection or being judged as an outcast is frightening. This drives us to become a conformist avoiding the feeling

Federal Bureaucratic Process The Clinton Tapes

Question: Discuss Barbara Sinclair's argument that Congress is increasingly characterized by "unorthodox lawmaking." Describe the efforts of President Reagan, President Carter, and President Clinton to reform and/or reduce the size of the federal bureaucracy. Answer: Introduction In the opinion of many experts including Barbara Sinclair, the current legislative process that is being practiced by the congress in the house and the senate is vastly different then the process described in the US government textbooks[1]. The process according to the written documents the lawmaking process should be fixed but it is becoming more and more flexible and varied [2]. The definition of the process is not only being rearranged but the new system can not conform to any single definition as the process is fluid and changes depending on situations. Drug bill, regulatory overhaul and the national service legislation are three bills where the legislative process to form them were vastly different from one another as well as the definition of the process. Discussion The main reason behind the conformation of the legislative process of the congress has been adaptive to the situation and it is seen that the congress is becoming more and more goal orientated. The institution is liable to adapt to any process to suit their goals and the result is given priority to ensure the process is successful no matter how different it is from the standard definition. These different and adaptive moves are so different from the contemporary legislative practices that they should be dubbed unorthodox lawmaking [3]. Sinclair uncovers it that the new and more innovative processes are becoming more and more popular and more frequently used in comparison with the orthodox process also. According to the legislative process it is up to the committees to put forth the proposal for a bill but the use of task forces that circumvent the committees is one of the processes that are unconventional. There are also post committee adjustments to the bills that are often changed significantly from the version that are passed by the committee. These tools to change the legislative process are based on the fact that new situation and the adjustment of the process to meet the new requirements are facilitated by the change in procedure. It is clear from the flexibility of the new process that the congress used the process to overcome the barriers that might be circumvented[4]. This is possibly due to a result of opposition of the democrats but the majority in the house allowed the institution to go through with it. From the many examples of unorthodox lawmaking it is clear that the process might be innovative and modern but the risks associated in the process are present no matter what one might think[5]. The congress at the end of the day is a committee government and too much change and innovation in the process that is mostly used to overrule the committees might result in the quality and the consideration of the laws dropping. Conclusion Therefore, in the light of the examples and the need for change in the legislative process it can be clearly said that the unorthodox lawmaking is definitely becoming a defining characteristic of the congress[6]. Introduction The federal bureaucracy is the role of the departments of the federal government that is a convoluted process to make the process unnecessarily complex. President Reagan, carter and Clinton all supported the fact that the change is necessary in the procedures and operations of the federal government to ensure that the wastage of the government in that regard is minimum. Role of Reagan In the civil service, the role of President Ronald Reagan was decidedly anti government. In 1981, his inaugural speech declared that the government is not the solution but the part of the problem. He tried amending that by reducing the size of federal bureaucracy that threatened the job securities of many federal employees[7]. He was opinionated about the waste of government resources by the bureaucratic process so he was all for the reduction of the size by putting more responsibility in the hands of the states and streamlining the operations of the existing departments of the federal governments[8]. He encouraged deregulation and the overhaul of the current procedures to eliminate the number of programs and reduce the bureaucratic process. Most of this occurred during his first term as president and in his second term he became much less vocal about the issue[9]. In the end, Reagan failed to make a significant change in the procedures but his efforts were in the right direction and the result of the trend is still being reaped. Role of Carter The role of president carter is definitely marked as a failure for his failed attempt of stabilising the country after the Vietnam situation. However, his role in the simplification of the federal procedures and the increasing concern for the well being of the majority of the populace is commendable [10]. He stated that the government has become too distant from the people and the need for lawyers and mediators needed for a common man to attract the interest of the government to his problems must be amended if the government is to care for the people. Role of Clinton In the case of bill Clinton the role of federal bureaucracy is seen as the too big to be functional and accountable. He followed Reagans example by trying to reduce the number of employees and making target specific department, which were more focused in their efforts. President Clinton in his term as president eliminated 200,000 federal jobs to reduce the cost of the government[11]. He focused on the importance of the improvement of the private sector while making the government more influential in certain regards of control and accountability. According to him, the role of the government is to provide the citizen with the security and social service that uses the collective resources of the government to achieve the goal. Conclusion In the case of all three presidents they determined the federal bureaucratic process to be more effective and connected to the needs of the people by simplification of the departments and reduction of the complexity of the process. References Branch, Taylor..The Clinton Tapes. New York, N.Y.: Simon Schuster. 2009 Goldman, Sheldon..Picking Federal Judges. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1997 Lynn, Laurence E and David deF Whitman..The President As Policymaker. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1981 Martin, Bradford D..The Other Eighties. New York: Hill and Wang. 2011 Scarborough, Joe..The Right Path. New York: Random House. 2013. [1] Barbara Sinclair,.Unorthodox Lawmaking. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 1997 [2] Joshua D Clinton. "Congress, Lawmaking, And The Fair Labor Standards Act, 1971-2000".American Journal Of Political Science(2011),56 (2): 355-372. [3] Tim Feddersen. "Institutions, Rules, And The Lawmaking Process".Congress The Presidency (1999).26 (1): 89-95. [4] Barbara Sinclair. "Unorthodox Lawmaking: New Legislative Processes In The U.S. Congress".The Social Science Journal (2000)37 (1): 151-152. [5] Steven S Smith, Jason M Roberts, and Ryan J Vander Wielen.. The American Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006 [6] The Lawmaking Congress. Duke University School of Law. 1993 [7] Joe Scarborough. The Right Path. New York: Random House. 2013 [8] Sheldon. Goldman.Picking Federal Judges. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1997 [9] Bradford D. Martin. The Other Eighties. New York: Hill and Wang. 2011 [10] Laurence E Lynn and David deF Whitman.. The President As Policymaker. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1981 [11] Taylor Branch. The Clinton Tapes. New York, N.Y.: Simon Schuster. 2009 Clinton, Joshua D. "Congress, Lawmaking, And The Fair Labor Standards Act, 1971-2000".American Journal Of Political Science56 (2): 355-372.2011 .doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00547.x. Feddersen, Tim.. "Institutions, Rules, And The Lawmaking Process".Congress The Presidency (1999). doi:10.1080/07343469909507794. Sinclair, Barbara..Unorthodox Lawmaking. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 1997 Sinclair, Barbara.. "Unorthodox Lawmaking: New Legislative Processes In The U.S. Congress".The Social Science Journal(2000) doi:10.1016/s0362-3319(99)00054-3. Smith, Steven S, Jason M Roberts, and Ryan J Vander Wielen..The American Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006 The Lawmaking Congress. Duke University School of Law. 1993Describe the efforts of President Reagan, President Carter, and President Clinton to reform and/or reduce the size of the federal bureaucracy